International journals: peer-reviewed publications
BERJAK, P., DINI, M. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1984). Possible mechanisms underlying the differing dehydration responses in recalcitrant and orthodox seeds: desiccation-associated subcellular changes in propagules of Avicennia marina. Seed Science and Technology 12, 365-384.
PAMMENTER, N.W., FARRANT, J.M. & BERJAK, P. (1984). Recalcitrant seeds: short-term storage effects in Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. may be germination-associated changes. Annals of Botany 54, 843-846.
FARRANT, J.M., BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1985). The effect of drying rate on viability retention of recalcitrant propagules of Avicennia marina. South African Journal of Botany 51, 432-438.
MYCOCK, D.J., FRANKLAND, C.A. & BERJAK, P. (1985). Some effects of fluoride on the establishment and growth of propagules of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Avicennia marina. South African Journal of Botany 51, 439-447.
FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. (1986). The increasing desiccation-sensitivity of recalcitrant Avicennia marina seeds with increasing storage time. Physiologia Plantarum 67, 291-298.
FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. (1987). The ecological significance of three-phase production of roots during germination and establishment of propagules of Avicennia marina. South African Journal of Science 83, 236-237.
FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. (1988). Recalcitrance - a current assessment. Seed Science and Technology 16, 155-166.
FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. (1989). Germination-associated events and the desiccation-sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds - a study on three unrelated species. Planta 178, 189-198.
BERJAK, P. (1989). The basis of the storage behaviour of seeds of Hevea brasiliensis. Journal of Natural Rubber Research 4, 195-203.
BERJAK, P., FARRANT, J.M., MYCOCK, D.J. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1990). Recalcitrant (homoiohydrous) seeds: the enigma of their desiccation-sensitivity. Seed Science and Technology 18, 297-310.
MYCOCK, D.J. & BERJAK, P. (1990). Fungal contaminants associated with several homoiohydrous (recalcitrant) seed species. Phytophylactica 22, 413-418.
PAMMENTER, N.W., VERTUCCI, C.W. & BERJAK, P. (1991). Homeohydrous (recalcitrant) seeds: dehydration, the state of water and viability characteristics in Landolphia kirkii. Plant Physiology 96, 1093-1098. [Abstract]
MYCOCK, D.J. & BERJAK, P. (1991). In defence of aldehyde-osmium fixation and CPD in seed storage fungal characterisation by scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Microscopy 163, 321-331.
MYCOCK, D.J., WATT, M.P. & BERJAK, P. (1991). A simple procedure for the cryopreservation of hydrated embryonic axes of Pisum sativum. Journal of Plant Physiology 138, 728-733.
VERTUCCI, C.W., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. & CRANE, J. (1991). Cryopreservation of embryonic axes of an homoehydrous (recalcitrant) seed in relation to calorimetric properties of tissue water. Cryo-Letters 12, 339-350.
BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. & VERTUCCI, C.W. (1992). Homoiohydrous (recalcitrant) seeds: developmental status, desiccation sensitivity and the state of water in axes of Landolphia kirkii Dyer. Planta 186, 249-261. (Awarded the EMSSA S.A. Philips Prize for the best published paper, June 1991 - June, 1992).
FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. (1992). Proteins in development and germination of a desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seed species. Plant Growth Regulation. 11, 257-265.
FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. (1992) Development of the recalcitrant (homoiohydrous) seeds of Avicennia marina. Anatomical, ultrastructural and biochemical events associated with development from histodifferentiation to maturation. Annals of Botany. 70, 75-86.
WESLEY-SMITH, J., VERTUCCI, C.W., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. & CRANE, J. (1992). Cryopreservation of recalcitrant axes of Camellia sinensis in relation to dehydration, freezing rate and the thermal properties of tissue water. Journal of Plant Physiology 140, 596-604. (Awarded the EMSSA S.A. Philips Prize for the best published paper, June 1992 - June, 1993).
BERJAK. P., VERTUCCI, C.W. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1993). Effects of developmental status and dehydration rate on characteristics of water and desiccation-sensitivity in recalcitrant seeds of Camellia sinensis. Seed Science Research 3, 155-166. [Abstract]
FARRANT, J.M., BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1993). Studies on the development of the desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds of Avicennia marina: The acquisition of germinability and responses to storage and dehydration. Annals of Botany 71, 405-410.
FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. (1993). Seed development in relation to desiccation tolerance: A comparison between desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds of Avicennia marina and desiccation-tolerant types. [Review paper] Seed Science Research 3, 29-40.
FARRANT, J.M., BERJAK, P., CUTTING, J.G.M. & BERJAK, P. (1993). The rôle of plant growth regulators in the development and germination of the desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds of Avicennia marina. Seed Science Research 3, 43-52.
BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1994). Recalcitrance is not an all-or-nothing situation. Seed Science Research (Comment) 4, 263-264.
BERJAK, P., BRADFORD, K.J., KOVACH, D.A. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1994). Differential effects of temperature on ultrastructural responses to dehydration in seeds of Zizania palustris. Seed Science Research 4, 111-121.
PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P., FARRANT, J.M., SMITH, M.T. & ROSS, G. (1994). Why do stored hydrated recalcitrant seeds die? Seed Science Research 4, 187-191.
BERJAK, P., CAMPBELL, G.K., FARRANT, J.M., OMONDI-OLOO, W. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1995 [appeared 1996]). Responses of seeds of Azadirachta indica (neem) to short-term storage under ambient or chilled condition. Seed Science & Technology 23, 779-792.
HAN, B., PAMMENTER, N., FARRANT, J., BERJAK, P. & KERMODE, A. (1995). A comparative analysis of dehydrin synthesis in seeds and seedlings of desiccation tolerant and recalcitrant species. Quarterly Review of the Plant Growth Regulator Society of America 23, 244-248.
MYCOCK, D.J., WESLEY-SMITH, J. & BERJAK, P. (1995). Cryopreservation of somatic embryos of four species with and without cryoprotectant. Annals of Botany 75, 331-336.
WESLEY-SMITH, J., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. & VERTUCCI, C.W. (1995). Ultrastructural evidence for the effects of freezing in embryonic axes of Pisum sativum L. at various water contents. Annals of Botany 76, 59-64.
BERJAK, P. & DUMET, D. (1996). Cryopreservation of seeds and isolated embryonic axes of neem (Azadirachta indica). Cryo-Letters 17, 99-104.
HANNWEG, K., WATT, & BERJAK, P. (1996). A simple method for the micropropagation of Bowiea volubilis from inflorescence explants. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 37, 213-218.
FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. FARNSWORTH, E.J. & VERTUCCI, C.W. (1996). Presence of dehydrin-like proteins and levels of abscisic acid in recalcitrant (desiccation sensitive) seeds may be related to provenance. Seed Science Research 6, 175-182.
FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. & WALTERS, C. (1997). Subcellular organization and metabolic activity during the development of seeds that attain different levels of desiccation tolerance. Seed Science Research 7, 135-144. [Abstract]
HAN, B., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W., FARRANT, J.M. & KERMODE, A.R. (1997). The recalcitrant plant species, Castanospermum australe and Trichilia dregeana, differ in their ability to produce dehydrin-related polypeptides during seed maturation and in response to ABA or water-deficit-related stresses. Journal of Experimental Botany 48, 1717-1726.
MOTETE, N., PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. & FRÉDÉRIC, J.C. (1997). Responses of the recalcitrant seeds of Avicennia marina to hydrated storage: events occurring at the root primordia. Seed Science Research 7, 169-178.
MYCOCK, D.J., WATT, M.P., HANNWEG, K.F., NAICKER, K., MAKWARELA, M. & BERJAK, P. (1997). Somatic embryogenesis of two indigenous South African Haworthia spp. (H. limifolia and H. koelmaniorum). South African Journal of Botany 63, 345-350.
NTULI, T.M., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. & SMITH, M.T. (1997). Effects of temperature on the desiccation responses of seeds of Zizania palustris. Seed Science Research 7, 145-160.
OSBORNE, D.J. & BERJAK, P. (1997). The making of mangroves - the remarkable pioneering role played by seeds of Avicennia marina. Endeavour 21, 143-147. (Invited Paper)
KIOKO, J.I., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. WATT, P. & WESELY-SMITH, J. (1998). Desiccation and cryopreservation of embryonic axes of Trichilia dregeana Sond. CryoLetters 19, 5-11.
PAMMENTER, N.W., GREGGAINS, V., KIOKO, J.I., WESLEY-SMITH, J., BERJAK, P. and FINCH-SAVAGE, W.E. (1998). The time factor during dehydration of non-orthodox (recalcitrant) seed: effects of differential drying rates on viability retention in Ekebergia capensis. Seed Science Research 8, 463-471. [Abstract]
PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. (1999). A review of recalcitrant seed physiology in relation to desiccation-tolerance mechanisms. (Invited review) Seed Science Research 9, 13-38. [Abstract]
BERJAK, P., WALKER, M., WATT, M.P. and MYCOCK, D.J. (1999). Experimental parameters underlying failure or success in plant germplasm cryopreservation: A case study on zygotic axes of Quercus robur L. CryoLetters 20, 251-262.
BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2000). What ultrastructure has told us about recalcitrant seeds. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal 12, 22-55.
BOUBRIAK, I., DINI, M., BERJAK, P. and OSBORNE, D.J. (2000). Desiccation and survival in the recalcitrant seeds of Avicennia marina: DNA replication, DNA repair and protein synthesis. Seed Science Research 10, 307-315.
CALISTRU, C., McLEAN, M., PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2000). The effects of mycofloral infection on the viability and ultrastructure of wet-stored recalcitrant seeds of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Seed Science Research 10, 341-353. [Abstract]
DREW, P.J., PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2000). 'Sub-imbibed' storage is not an option for extending longevity of recalcitrant seeds of the tropical species, Trichilia dregeana Sond. Seed Science Research 10, 355-363.
PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2000). Some thoughts on the evolution and ecology of recalcitrant seeds. Plant Species Biology 15,153-156.
PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2000). Aspects of recalcitrant seed physiology. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal 12, 56-69.
PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2000). Evolutionary and ecological aspects of recalcitrant seed biology. Seed Science Research 10, 301-306.
WATT, M.P., MYCOCK, D.J., BLAKEWAY, F.C. and BERJAK, P. (2000). Applications of in vitro methods to Eucalyptus germplasm conservation. Southern African Forestry Journal 187, 3-10.
BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2001). (Invited minireview) Seed recalcitrance - current perspectives. South African Journal of Botany 67, 79-89.
GREGGAINS, V., FINCH-SAVAGE, W.E., ATHERTON, N.M. and BERJAK, P. (2001). Viability loss and free radical processes during desiccation of recalcitrant Avicennia marina seeds. Seed Science Research 11, 235-242.
WALTERS, C., PAMMENTER, N.W. BERJAK, P. and CRANE, J. (2001). Desiccation damage, accelerated ageing and respiration in desiccation tolerant and sensitive seeds. Seed Science Research 11, 135-148. [Abstract]
WESLEY-SMITH, J., PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. and WALTERS, C. (2001). The effects of two drying rates on the desiccation tolerance of embryonic axes of recalcitrant jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) seeds. Annals of Botany 88, 653-664. [Abstract]
WESLEY-SMITH, J., WALTERS, C., PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2001). Interactions of water content, rapid (non-equilibrium) cooling to -196oC and survival of embryonic axes of Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds. Cryobiology 42, 196-206.
ANGUELOVA-MERHAR, V.S., CALISTRU, C. and BERJAK, P. (2003). A study of some biochemical and histopathological responses of wet-stored recalcitrant seeds of Avicennia marina infected by Fusarium moniliforme. Annals of Botany 92, 1-8. [Abstract]
KIOKO, J.I., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2003) Responses to dehydration and conservation of the non-orthodox seeds of Warburgia salutaris. South African Journal of Botany 69, 532-539. [Abstract]
SONG, S-Q., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W., NTULI, T.M. and FU, J-R. (2003). Recalcitrance: a current assessment. Acta Botanica Sinica 45, 638-643. [Abstract]
WATT, M.P., BERJAK, P., MAKHATHINI, A. and BLAKEWAY, F. (2003). In vitro field collection techniques for Eucalyptus micropropagation. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 75, 233-240. [Abstract]
BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2004) Biotechnological aspects of non-orthodox seeds. South African Journal of Botany 70, 102-108. [Abstract]
BERJAK, P. and MYCOCK, D.J. (2004) Calcium, with magnesium, is essential for normal seedling development from partially-dehydrated recalcitrant axes: a study on Trichilia dregeana Sond. Seed Science Research 14, 217-231. [Abstract]
BERJAK, P., KIOKO, J.I., MAKHATHINI, A. and WATT, M.P. (2004) Strategies for field collection of recalcitrant seeds and zygotic embryonic axes of the tropical tree, Trichilia dregeana Sond. Seed Science and Technology 32. 825-836. [Abstract]
CORBINEAU, F., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N., VINEL, D., PICARD, M.-A. and Côme, D. (2004) Reversible cellular and metabolic changes induced by dehydration in desiccation tolerant wheat seedling shoots. Physiologia Plantarum 122, 28-38. [Abstract]
GOVEIA, M., KIOKO, J.I. and BERJAK, P. (2004) Developmental status is a critical factor in the selection of excised recalcitrant axes as explants for cryopreservation: A study of Trichilia dregeana Sond. Seed Science Research 14, 241-248. [Abstract]
PERÁN, R., PAMMENTER, N.W., NAICKER, J. and BERJAK, P. (2004) The influence of rehydration technique on the response of recalcitrant seed embryos to desiccation. Seed Science Research 14, 179-184. [Abstract]
SONG, S-Q., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2003) Desiccation sensitivity of Trichilia dregeana axes and antioxidant role of ascorbic acid. Acta Botanica Sinica 46, 803-810. [Abstract]
von FINTEL, G.T., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W.(2004) Seed behaviour in Phoenix reclinata Jaquin, the wild date palm. Seed Science Research 14, 197-204. [Abstract]
WESLEY-SMITH, J., WALTERS, C., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2004) Non-equilibrium cooling of Poncirus trifoliata L. embryonic axes at various water contents. CryoLetters 25, 121-128. [Abstract]
WESLEY-SMITH, J., WALTERS, C., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2004) The influence of water content, cooling and warming rates upon survival of embryonic axes of Poncirus trifoliata. CryoLetters 25, 129-138. [Abstract]
WHITAKER, C., BERJAK, P., KOLBERG, H. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2004) Responses to various manipulations, and storage potential, of seeds of the unique desert gymnosperm, Welwitschia mirabilis Hook. fil. South African Journal of Botany 70, 621-629. [Abstract]
BERJAK, P. (2005) Protector of the seeds: Seminal reflections from Southern Africa. Science 307, 47-49. [Abstract]
AJAYI, S.A., BERJAK, P., KIOKO, J.I., DULLOO, M.E. and VODOUHE, R.S. (2006) Responses of fluted pumpking (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f.) seeds to desiccation, chilling and hydrated storage. South African Journal of Botany 72, 544-550. [Abstract]
AJAYI, S.A., BERJAK, P., KIOKO, J.I., DULLOO, M.E. and VODOUHE, R.S. (2006) Observations on in vitro behaviour of the zygotic axes of fluted pumpkin. African Journal of Biotechnology 5, 1397-1401. [Abstract]
BERJAK, P. (2006) Unifying perspectives of some mechanisms basic to desiccation tolerance across life forms. Seed Science Research 16, 1-15. [Abstract]
BERJAK, P. (2006) The challenge of recalcitrant germplasm cryopreservation. Guest Editorial: Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 82, 781-782. [Abstract]
BERJAK, P, ERDEY, D.P. AND PAMMENTER, N.W. (2006) Water content considerations in recalcitrant / non-orthodox seeds. Seed Testing International 132, 43-46 . [Abstract]
KIOKO, J.I., BERJAK, P. AND PAMMENTER, N.W. (2006) Viability and ultrastructural responses of seeds and ambryonic axes of Trichilia emetica to different dehydration and storage conditions. South African Journal of Botany 71, 167-176. [Abstract]
MUKHERJEE, M. WATT, D.A. and BERJAK, P. (2006) Molecular detection and diagnosis of fungal contaminants of recalcitrant seeds: Quercus robur L. acorns as a model system. Seed Science and Technology 34, 415-427. [Abstract]
PERÁN, R., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W., and KIOKO, J.I. (2006) Cryopreservation, encapsulation and promotion of shoot production of embryonic axes of a recalcitrant species, Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. CryoLetters 27, 1-12. [Abstract]
SERSHEN, PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P and WESLEY-SMITH, J. (2007) Cryopreservation of embryonic axes of selected amaryllid species. CryoLetters 28, 387-399. [Abstract]
BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2008) From Avicennia to Zizania: Seed recalcitrance in perspective. Annals of Botany 101, 213-228. (on line Aug. 2007). [Abstract]
SERSHEN, BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2008) Desiccation sensitivity of excised embryonic axes of selected amaryllid species. Seed Science Research 18, 1-11. [Abstract]
SERSHEN, PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P (2008). Post-harvest behaviour and short- to medium-term storage of recalcitrant seeds and encapsulated embryonic axes of selected amaryllid species. Seed Science and Technology 36, 133-147. [Abstract]
WHITAKER, C., PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2008) Infection of cones and seeds of Welwitschia mirabilis by Aspergillus niger var. phoenicus in the Namib-Naukluft Park. South African Journal of Botany 74, 41-50. [Abstract]
WHITAKER, C., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2008) Abnormal morphology of the embryo and seedling of Welwitschia mirabilis, and some observations on seed-associated fungi. South African Journal of Botany 74, 338-340. [Abstract]
HAJARI, E., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. and WATT, M.P. (2009) Micropropagation of Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. using in vitro nodal segments and roots. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 84, 87-91. [Abstract]
VARGHESE, D., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2009) Cryopreservation of shoot tips of Trichilia emetica, as tropical recalcitrant-seeded species. CryoLetters 30. 280-290. [Abstract]
QUAIN, M.D., BERJAK, P., ACHEAMPONG, E. and KIOKO, J.I. (2009) Sucrose treatment and explant water content: Critical factors to consider in development of successful protocols for shoot tip explants of the tropical species, Dioscorea rotundata (yam). CryoLetters 30, 212-223. [Abstract]
NGOBESE, N.Z., SERSHEN, PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2010) Cryopreservation of the embryonic axes of Phoenix reclinata, a representative of the intermediate seed category. Seed Science and Technology 38, 705-717. [Abstract]
SERSHEN, BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2010). Effects of cryopreservation of recalcitrant Amaryllis belladonna zygotic embryos on vigor of recovered seedlings: a case of stress ‘hangover’? Physiologia Plantarum 139, 205-219. [Abstract]
SERSHEN, PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2010). Effects of partial dehydration of recalcitrant Haemanthus montanus zygotic embryos on vigour of recovered seedlings. South African Journal of Botany Online, 2010) DOI 10.1016/j.sajb.2010.07.015 (2011) 77, 193-202. [Abstract]
WOODENBERG, W.R., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2010). Development of cycad ovules and seeds. 1. Implication of the ER in primary cellularisation of the megagametophyte in Encephalartos natalensis Dyer and Verdoorn. Plant Growth Regulation SI Plant Desiccation 62, 265-278. [ISSN: 0167-6903 (Print) 1573-5087 (Online)
DOI: 10.1007/s10725-010-9469-6 Published online: 10 April 2010] [Abstract]
BERJAK, P., SERSHEN, VARHESE, B. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2011) Cathodic amelioration of the adverse effects of oxidative stress accompanying procedures necessary for cryopreservation of embryonic axes of recalcitrant-seeded species. Seed Science Research 21, 187-203.
BERJAK, P. BARTELS, P., BENSON, E., HARDING, K., MYCOCK, D.J. PAMMENTER, N.W., SERSHEN, WESLEY-SMITH, J. (2011). Cryo-conservation of South African plant genetic diversity. In vitro – Plant 47, 65-81 (Invited Review ). [Abstract]
HAJARI, E., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. and WATT, M.P. (2011). A novel means for cryopreservation of germplasm of the reclacitrant-seeded species, Ekebergia capensis. CryoLetters (in press). [Abstract]
NAIDOO, CASSANDRA, BENSON, E., BERJAK, P., GOVEIA, M. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2011). Exploring the use of DMSO and ascorbic acid to promote shoot development by excised embryonic axes of recalcitrant seeds. CryoLetters 32, 166-174. [Abstract]
KISTNASAMY, P., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2011). The effects of desiccation and exposure to cryogenic temperatures of embryonic axes of Landolphia kirkii. CryoLetters 32, 28-39. [Abstract]
NTULI, T.M., FINCH-SAVAGE, W.E. BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. (2011). Increased drying rate reduces desiccation-induced negative effects on respiratory metabolism and free radical processing and lowers the critical water content for survival in embryonic axes of English Oak (Quercus robur L.) seeds. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 53, 270-280..
Pammenter, N.W., Berjak, P., Goveia, M., Sershen, Kioko, J.I., Whitaker, C. and R.P. Beckett, R.P. (2011). Topography determines the impact of reactive oxygen species on shoot apical meristems of recalcitrant embryos of tropical species during processing for cryopreservation. Acta Horticulturae (in press). [Abstract]
SERSHEN, PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2011). Effects of partial dehydration of recalcitrant Haemanthus montanus zygotic embryos on vigour of recovered seedlings. South African Journal of Botany Online, 2010) DOI 10.1016/j.sajb.2010.07.015 (2011) 77, 193-202
SERSHEN, BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER N.W. and WESLEY-SMITH, J. The effects of various parameters during processing for cryopreservation on the ultrastructure and viability of embryos of Amaryllis belladonna. Protoplasma DOI 10.1007/s00709-011-0274-5.
SERSHEN, BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER N.W. and WESLEY-SMITH, J. Rate of dehydration, state of subcellular organisation and nature of cryoprotection are critical factors contributing to the variable success of cryopreservation: Studies on recalcitrant zygotic embryos of Haemanthus montanus. Protoplasma DOI 10.1007/s00709-011-0275-4.
VARGHESE, B., SERSHEN, BERJAK, P., VARGHESE, D. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2011). Differential drying rates of recalcitrant Trichilia dregeana embryonic axes: A study of survival and oxidative stress metabolism. Physiologia Plantarum 142, 326-338.
Popular Press
BERJAK, P. (2008). Storing and restoring plant life from seeds. Quest 4, 12.
Technical Reports
BERJAK, P. (1992). Report of the ISTA Working Group on Recalcitrant Seeds. In: Report of the Seed Moisture Committee 1989 - 1992 (ed. D.F. Grabe). Seed Science and Technology. 20 (suppl. 1), 96 - 100.
BERJAK, P. (1992). Report of the ISTA Working Group on Recalcitrant Seeds. In: Report of the Seed Storage Committee 1989 - 1992 (ed. H.F. Chin). Seed Science and Technology 20, (suppl. 1), 167 - 170.
BERJAK, P. (1998). Report of the Seed Storage Committee 1995-1998. Seed Science and Technology 26 (suppl. 1), 231-251.
BERJAK, P. (1999). Current status of cryopreservation in research and future perspectives of its application in South Africa. pp. 315-319 in: Cryopreservation of tropical plant germplasm (eds F. Engelmann and H. Takagi). IPGRI, Rome.
BERJAK, P. and McLean, M. (2001). Report of the Seed Storage Committee 1998-2001. Seed Science and Technology 29 (suppl. 1) 233-245.
Chapters in books; full-length, peer-reviewed conference proceedings
BERJAK, P., FARRANT, J.M. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1989). The basis of recalcitrant seed behaviour. In: Recent Advances in the Development and Germination of Seeds (ed. R.B. Taylorson) Plenum Press, New York. pp. 89-108.
BERJAK, P., FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W., VERTUCCI, C.W. & WESLEY-SMITH, J. (1993). Current understanding of desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds: Development, states of water and responses to dehydration and freezing. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Seeds: Basic and Applied Aspects of Seed Biology, Angers, France, (eds D. Côme & F. Corbineau). ASFIS, Paris. Vol. 3. pp. 705-714.
FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. (1993). A contribution to an understanding of desiccation tolerance from a study of desiccation-sensitive seed species. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Seeds: Basic and Applied Aspects of Seed Biology, Angers, France, (eds D. Côme & F. Corbineau). ASFIS, Paris. Vol. 3. pp. 715-722.
MYCOCK, D.J. & BERJAK, P. (1993). Cryostorage of coffee somatic embryos. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Seeds: Basic and Applied Aspects of Seed Biology, Angers, France, (eds D. Côme & F. Corbineau). ASFIS, Paris. Vol. 3. pp. 879-884.
PAMMENTER, N.W., VERTUCCI, C.W. & BERJAK, P. (1993). Responses to dehydration in relation to non-freezable water in desiccation-sensitive and -tolerant seeds. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Seeds: Basic and Applied Aspects of Seed Biology, Angers, France, (eds D. Côme & F. Corbineau). ASFIS, Paris. Vol. 3. pp. 867-872.
BERJAK, P., MYCOCK, D.J., WATT, P., WESLEY-SMITH, J. & HOPE, B. (1995). Cryostorage of pea (Pisum sativum) and its implications for the successful preservation of plants with recalcitrant seeds. In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry (ed. Bajaj, Y.P.S.) Springer Verlag, Berlin. pp. 292-307.
SMITH, M.T. & BERJAK, P. (1995). Deteriorative changes associated with the loss of viability of stored desiccation-tolerant and -sensitive seeds. In: Seed Development and Germination: Applied Aspects (eds Kigel, J. & Galili, G.), Dekker, N.Y. pp. 701-746.
BERJAK, P. (1996). The rôle of micro-organisms in deterioration during storage of recalcitrant and intermediate seeds. In: Intermediate/Recalcitrant Tropical Forest Tree Seeds (eds. A-S. Ouédraogo, K. Poulsen & F. Stubsgaard), IPGRI Rome. pp. 121-126.
BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1996). Recalcitrant (desiccation-sensitive) seeds. In: Innovation in Tropical Tree Seed Technology (ed. K. Olesen), Tjep tryk, Copenhagen, Denmark. pp. 14-29.
BERJAK, P. MYCOCK, D.J., WESLEY-SMITH, J., DUMET, D. & WATT, P. (1996). Strategies for in vitro conservation of hydrated germplasm. In: In vitro Conservation of Plant Genetic resources (ed. M.N. Normah, M.K. Narimah and M.M. Clyde) Percetakan Watan Sdn.Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 19-52.
OMONDI OLOO, W., CAMPBELL, G.K., BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1996). The effect of storage on genetic diversity in neem (Azadirachta indica; A. Juss.) seed. In: Innovation in Tropical Tree Seed Technology (ed. K. Olesen), Tjep tryk, Copenhagen, Denmark. pp. 223-232..
BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1997). Desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds. In: Basic and Applied Aspects of Seed Biology (eds R.H. Ellis, M. Black, A.J. Murdoch & T.D. Hong) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 689-703.
DUMET, D. & BERJAK, P. (1996). Desiccation tolerance and cryopreservation of embryonic axes of recalcitrant species. In: Basic and Applied Aspects of Seed Biology (eds R.H. Ellis, M. Black, A.J. Murdoch & T.D. Hong) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 771-776.
DUMET, D., BERJAK, P. & ENGELMANN, F. (1997). Cryopreservation of zygotic and somatic embryos of tropical species producing recalcitrant or intermediate seeds. In: Conservation of Plant Genetic resources in Vitro (eds Razdan, M.K. & Cocking, F.C.), Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi. pp. 153-172.
MYCOCK, D.J., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. & WALTERS-VERTUCCI, C.W. (1997). Cryopreservation of somatic embryoids of Phoenix dactilifera. Effects of water content and cryoprotectants. In: Basic and Applied Aspects of Seed Biology (eds R.H. Ellis, M. Black, A.J. Murdoch & T.D. Hong) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 75-82.
PAMMENTER, N.W., MOTETE, N. & BERJAK, P. (1997). The response of hydrated, recalcitrant seeds to long-term storage. In: Basic and Applied Aspects of Seed Biology (eds R.H. Ellis, M. Black, A.J. Murdoch & T.D. Hong) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 673-687.
BERJAK, P., CAMPBELL, G.K., HUCKETT, B.I. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1997). In the Mangroves of Southern Africa. New, revised edition: Publ. The Wildlife and Environment Society of Southern Africa.
BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1998) Aspects of our understanding of the biology and responses of non-orthodox seeds. In: Progress in Seed Research (eds A.G. Taylor and X.-L. Huang) New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, USA. pp. 81-100.
CALISTRU, C., BERJAK, P., MCLEAN, M. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (1998). A preliminary investigation of the seed-associated mycoflora of the recalcitrant seeds of Avicennia marina. In: Progress in Seed Research (eds A.G. Taylor and X.-L. Huang) New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, USA. pp. 121-129.
BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. (1998) Important considerations pertaining to desiccation-sensitivity of seeds (recalcitrant seed behaviour). Innovations in Forest Tree Seed Science and Nursery Technology (eds D.G.W. Edwards and S.C. Naithani) IUFRO, New Age International Ltd, Publishers, New Delhi, India. pp. 43-69.
BERJAK, P., KIOKO, J.I., WALKER, M., MYCOCK, D.J., WESLEY-SMITH, J., WATT, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (1999). Cryopreservation – an elusive goal? In: Recalcitrant Seeds (eds M. Marzalina, K.C. Khoo, N. Jayanthi, F.Y. Tsan and B. Krishnapillay) FRIM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 96-109.
WESLEY-SMITH, J., WALTERS, C., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (1999). A method for the cryopreservation of embryonic axes at ultra-rapid cooling rates. In: Recalcitrant Seeds (eds M. Marzalina, K.C. Khoo, N. Jayanthi, F.Y. Tsan and B. Krishnapillay) FRIM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 132-139.
PAMMENTER, N.W. , BERJAK, P. and WALTERS, C. (1999). The effect of drying rate, and processes leading to viability loss in recalcitrant seeds. In: Recalcitrant Seeds (eds M. Marzalina, K.C. Khoo, N. Jayanthi, F.Y. Tsan and B. Krishnapillay) FRIM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 14-24.
KIOKO, J., BERJAK, P., PRITCHARD, H. and DAWS, M. (1999). Studies of post-shedding behaviour and cryopreservation of seeds of Warburgia salutaris, a highly-endangered medicinal plant indigenous to tropical Africa. In: Recalcitrant Seeds (eds M. Marzalina, K.C. Khoo, N. Jayanthi, F.Y. Tsan and B. Krishnapillay) FRIM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 365-371.
BERJAK, P., MYCOCK, D.J., WALKER, M., KIOKO, J.I., PAMMENTER, N.W. and WESLEY-SMITH, J. (2000). Conservation of genetic resources naturally occurring as recalcitrant seeds. pp. 223-228 In: Seed Biology: Advances and Applications, (eds Black, M. Bradford, K.J. and Vásquez-Ramos, J.) CAB International, UK.
BERJAK, P., WALKER, M., MYCOCK, D.J., WESLEY-SMITH, J., WATT, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2000). Cryopreservation of recalcitrant zygotic embryos. pp. 140-155 In: Cryopreservation of Tropical Plant Germplasm – Current Research Progress and Applications, (eds Engelmann, F. and Takagi, H.), IPGRI, Rome.
PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2000). The effect of drying rate on recalcitrant seeds: ‘lethal water contents’, causes of damage, and quantification of recalcitrance. pp. 215-221 In: Seed Biology: Advances and Applications, (eds Black, M., Bradford, K.J. and Vásquez-Ramos, J.) CAB International, UK.
KIOKO, J.I., BERJAK, P., PRITCHARD, H.W. and DAWS, M. (2000). Seeds of the African pepperbark (Warburgia salutaris) can be cryopreserved after rapid dehydration in silica gel. pp. 371-377 In: Cryopreservation of Tropical Plant Germplasm – Current Research Progress and Applications, (eds Engelmann, F. and Takagi, H.), IPGRI, Rome.
BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2002). Orthodox and recalcitrant seeds. Chapter 4, pp. 137-147 in: Tropical Tree Seed Handbook (ed. Vozzo, J.) USDA.
DUMET, D. and BERJAK, P. (2002) Cryopreservation of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seeds. III.2, pp. 213-219 in: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 50. Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm II. (eds L.E. Towill and Y.P.S. Bajaj) Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P., WESLEY-SMITH, J. and VANDER WILLIGEN, C. (2002). Experimental aspects of drying and recovery. Chapter 3, pp. 93-110 in: Desiccation and survival in plants: drying without dying (eds M. Black and H.W. Pritchard). CABI, Wallingford, UK.
WALTERS, C., PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. and FARRANT, J.M. (2002). Desiccation stress and damage. Chapter 9, pp. 263-291 in: Desiccation and survival in plants: drying without dying (eds M. Black and H.W. Pritchard) . CABI, Wallingford, UK
Edited book:
SUTHERLAND, J.R., DIEKMANN, M. and BERJAK, P. (2002), eds. Forest tree seed health for germplasm conservation. IPGRI, Rome. 85 pp.
BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2003). Understanding and handling recalcitrant seeds. pp. 415-430 in: Seed conservation: turning science into practice (eds H.W. Pritchard et al.) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .
BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2003). Biology of recalcitrant seeds. In: Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences (eds B. Thomas, D. Murphy and B. Murray). pp. 56-62. Elsevier, UK.
KIOKO, J.I., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W., LAMB, J. and GUMEDE, Z. (2003). Is genetic fidelity maintained following the cryopreservation of the seeds of the endangered African pepper bark (Warburgia salutaris)? pp. 327-335 in: The Biology of Seeds: Recent Research Advances (eds G. Nicolás, K.J. Bradford, D. Côme and H.W. Pritchard). CABI, Wallingford, UK.
PAMMENTER, N.W., NAIDOO, S. and BERJAK, P. (2003) Desiccation rate, desiccation response and damage accumulation: can desiccation sensitivity be quantified? pp. 319-325 in: The Biology of Seeds: Recent Research Advances (eds G. Nicolás, K.J. Bradford, D. Côme and H.W. Pritchard). CABI, Wallingford, UK.
BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2004). Recalcitrant seeds. pp. 305-345 in: Seed Physiology: Applications to Agriculture (eds R.L. Benech-Arnold and R.A. Sánchez) Haworth Press.
BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2004). Understanding and handling recalcitrant seeds. pp. 415-430 (Chapter 22) in: Seed conservation: Turning science into practice (eds R.D. Smith, J.B. Dickie, S.H. Linington, H.W. Pritchard and R.J. Probert) RGBKEW Trustees, U.K.
GAMÉNÉ, C.S., ERDEY, D., BAXTER, D., MOTETE, N and BERJAK, P. (2005) Desiccation, germination and storage of Sclerocarya birrea seeds from Burkino Faso. pp. 40-56 in: Comparative storage biology of tropical tree seeds (eds M. Sacandé, D. Jøker, M.E. Dulloo and K.A. Thomsen), IPGRI, Rome, Italy.
WERE, J., MUNJUGA, N., DAWS, M.I., MOTETE, N., ERDEY, D., BAXTER, D., BERJAK, P., PRITCHARD, H.W., HARRIS, C. and HOWARD, C. (2005) Desiccation and storage of Prunus africana (Hook. F.) kalkm. pp. 67-74 in: Comparative storage biology of tropical tree seeds (eds M. Sacandé, D. Jøker, M.E. Dulloo and K.A. Thomsen), IPGRI, Rome, Italy.
BAXTER, D. and BERJAK, P. (2005) Desiccation trials on neem, Azadurachta indica A. Juss. Seeds. pp. 102-104. in: Comparative storage biology of tropical tree seeds (eds M. Sacandé, D. Jøker, M.E. Dulloo and K.A. Thomsen), IPGRI, Rome, Italy.
ERDEY, D. and BERJAK, P. (2005) Germination of Dovyalis caffra (Hook. F. et Harv.) Warb. Seeds pp. 105-107 in: Comparative storage biology of tropical tree seeds (eds M. Sacandé, D. Jøker, M.E. Dulloo and K.A. Thomsen), IPGRI, Rome, Italy.
ERDEY, D., MBATHA, Z. and BERJAK, P. (2005) Conservation of Ekebergia capensis seeds from South Africa. pp. 108-121 in: Comparative storage biology of tropical tree seeds (eds M. Sacandé, D. Jøker, M.E. Dulloo and K.A. Thomsen), IPGRI, Rome, Italy.
BAXTER, D., ERDEY, D. and BERJAK, P. (2005) Sensitivity of Syzygium cuminii (L.) seeds to desiccation. pp. 122-125 in: Comparative storage biology of tropical tree seeds (eds M. Sacandé, D. Jøker, M.E. Dulloo and K.A. Thomsen), IPGRI, Rome, Italy.
BAXTER, D., ERDEY, D. and BERJAK, P. (2005) Sensitivity of Trichilia emetica Vahl. Seeds to desiccation. pp. 126-130 in: Comparative storage biology of tropical tree seeds (eds M. Sacandé, D. Jøker, M.E. Dulloo and K.A. Thomsen), IPGRI, Rome, Italy.
KIOKO, J., BAXTER, D. and BERJAK, P. (2005) Tokerance to desiccation and storability of Warburgia salutaris (ugandensis) seeds from Kenya. pp. 131-139 in: Comparative storage biology of tropical tree seeds (eds M. Sacandé, D. Jøker, M.E. Dulloo and K.A. Thomsen), IPGRI, Rome, Italy.
PRITCHARD, H.W., SACANDÉ, M. and BERJAK, P. (2005) Review: Biological aspects of tropical tree seed desiccation and storage. pp. 317-341 in: Comparative storage biology of tropical tree seeds (eds M. Sacandé, D. Jøker, M.E. Dulloo and K.A. Thomsen), IPGRI, Rome, Italy.
BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2006) Recent progress towards the understanding of desiccation tolerance. Title forthcoming, CABI, UK (in press).
EGGERS, S., ERDEY, D.P., PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2006) Storage and germination responses of recalcitrant seeds subjected to mild dehydration. pp. 85-92 Seeds: Biology, development and ecology (eds Adkins, S.W., Ashmore, S. and Navie, S.C.) CABI, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
MEHAR, V., CALISTRU, C. and BERJAK, P. (2007) Immunocytochemical localization of ß-1,3-glucanase in wet-stored seeds of Avicennia marina infected by Fusarium moniliforme. pp.93-101 Seeds: Biology, development and ecology (eds Adkins, S.W., Ashmore, S. and Navie, S.C.) CABI, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
WALTERS, C., WESLEY-SMITH, J., CRANE, J., HILL, L.M., CHIMIELARZ, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2007) Cryopreservation of recalcitrant (i.e. desiccation-sensitive) seeds. in: Cryopreservation: a practical guide (ed. Reed, B.M.) Springer, New York. pp. 465-484.
BERJAK, P., FARRANT, J.M. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2007) Seed desiccation-tolerance mechanisms. in: Plant desiccation tolerance (eds Wood, A.J. and Jenks, M.A.) CABI, Wallingford, Oxon, UK. pp. 151-192.
WALTERS, C., WESLEY-SMITH, J., CRANE, J., HILL, L.M., CHMIELARZ, P., PAMMENTER, n.w. and BERJAK, P. (2008) Cryopreservation of recalcitrant (i.e. desiccation-sensitive) seeds. In: Cryopreservation: a practical guide (ed. Reed, B.M.) Springer, New York. pp. 465-484.
International conference presentations
+BERJAK, P., DINI, M. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Characterising seed recalcitrance: Desiccation-associated changes in propagules of Avicennia marina. XX ISTA Congress, Ottawa, 1983.
+FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. Recalcitrance - a current assessment. XXI ISTA Congress, Brisbane, 1986.
*BERJAK, P. Seed storage problems: our research programme. Seed Pathology - an international advanced course, Passo Fundo, Brasil, 1987.
*BERJAK, P., FARRANT, J.M. & PAMMENTER, N.W. The basis of recalcitrant seed behaviour. Third International Workshop on Seeds, Williamsburg, U.S.A., 1989.
+BERJAK, P., FARRANT, J.M., MYCOCK, D.J. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Recalcitrant (homoiohydrous) seeds: the enigma of their desiccation-sensitivity. XXII ISTA Congress, Edinburgh, U.K., 1989.
+FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. The relationship between increasing desiccation-sensitivity and progress of germination in recalcitrant (homoiohydrous) seeds. XXII ISTA Congress, Edinburgh, U.K., 1989.
+BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. & VERTUCCI, C.W. The relationship between freezable and non-freezable water and survival in desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds. XXIII ISTA Congress, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1992.
*BERJAK, P., FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W., VERTUCCI, C.W. & WESLEY-SMITH, J. Current understanding of desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds: Development, states of water and responses to dehydration and freezing. Fourth International Workshop on Seeds, Angers, France, 1992.
FARRANT, J.M., BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Hormone levels in a desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seed during development and germination. Annual Symposium of the American Society of Plant Physiologists, Pittsburgh, USA, 1992.
FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. A contribution to an understanding of desiccation tolerance from a study of desiccation-sensitive seed species. Fourth International Workshop on Seeds, Angers, France, 1992.
+FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. Control processes in the development of the recalcitrant (homoiohydrous) seeds of Avicennia marina, XXIII ISTA Congress, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1992.
MYCOCK, D.J. & BERJAK, P. Towards the successful cryopreservation of coffee somatic embryos. XXIII ISTA Congress, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1992.
MYCOCK, D.J. & BERJAK, P. Cryostorage of coffee somatic embryos. Fourth International Workshop on Seeds, Angers, France, 1992.
PAMMENTER, N.W., VERTUCCI, C.W. & BERJAK, P. Responses to dehydration in relation to non-freezable water in desiccation-sensitive and -tolerant seeds. Fourth International Workshop on Seeds, Angers, France, 1992.
VERTUCCI, C.W., PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. & CRANE, J. Drying and storing desiccation tolerant and intolerant seeds. Annual Symposium of the American Society of Plant Physiologists, Pittsburgh, USA, 1992.
+WESLEY-SMITH, J., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W., VERTUCCI, C.W. & CRANE, J. Criteria for the successful cryopreservation of recalcitrant germplasm. XXIII ISTA Congress, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1992.
*BERJAK, P., MYCOCK, D.J. & WESLEY-SMITH, J. Manipulation of parameters to achieve cryopreservation of hydrated zygotic and somatic embryo tissues. Symposium on Embryo Banking, Society for Low Temperature Biology, RBG, Kew U.K., 1993.
WESLEY-SMITH, J., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. & VERTUCCI, C.W. Ultrastructural evidence for the effects of freezing in embryonic axes at various water contents. Symposium on Embryo Banking, Society for Low Temperature Biology, RBG Kew, U.K., 1993.
MYCOCK, D.J., WESLEY-SMITH, J. & BERJAK, P. A comparison of the effects of cryopreservation of somatic embryos with and without cryoprotecant pre-treatment. Symposium on Embryo Banking, Society for Low Temperature Biology RBG Kew, U.K., 1993.
BERJAK, P., BRADFORD, K.J., KOVACH, D.A. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Differential effects of temperature on ultrastructural responses to dehydration in seeds of Zizania palustris. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Desiccation Tolerance and Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Kruger National Park, South Africa, 1994.
FARRANT, J.M., BERJAK, P., LINDSEY, G.G., PAMMENTER, N.W., RUSSOUW, P. & VERTUCCI, C.W. An assessment of current concepts of desiccation tolerance from studies of developing desiccation-tolerant and -sensitive seeds. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Desiccation Tolerance and Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Kruger National Park, South Africa, 1994.
FARRANT, J.M., HIGGINS-OPITZ, S.B. & BERJAK, P. Do desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant seeds express LEA proteins? Proceedings of the International Workshop on Desiccation Tolerance and Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Kruger National Park, South Africa, 1994.
PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P., ROSS, G. & SMITH, M.T. Why do stored hydrated recalcitrant seeds die? Proceedings of the International Workshop on Desiccation Tolerance and Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Kruger National Park, South Africa, 1994.
PHELAN, K., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. Apparent dormancy in the recalcitrant seeds of a sub-tropical species, Castanospermum australe. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Desiccation Tolerance and Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Kruger National Park, South Africa, 1994.
SHERWIN, H., PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. Damage occurring during dehydration of the leaves of desiccation tolerant and sensitive plants. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Desiccation Tolerance and Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Kruger National Park, South Africa, 1994.
WESLEY-SMITH, J., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. & VERTUCCI, C.W. Cryopreservation of embryonic axes of Pisum sativum L. at various water contents. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Desiccation Tolerance and Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Kruger National Park, South Africa, 1994.
*BERJAK, P. The rôle of micro-organisms in deterioration during storage of recalcitrant and intermediate seeds. Workshop on Improved Methods for Handling and Storage of Intermediate/Recalcitrant Forest Tree Seed, Humlebaek, Denmark, 1995.
*BERJAK, P. MYCOCK, D.J., WESLEY-SMITH, J., DUMET, D. & WATT, P. Strategies for in vitro conservation of hydrated germplasm. In vitro Conservation of Plant Genetic resources, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1995.
*BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds. Fifth International Workshop on Seeds, Reading, U.K., 1995.
*BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Recalcitrant (desiccation-sensitive) seeds. IUFRO Symposium on Innovation in Tropical Tree Seed Technology, Tanzania, 1995.
+BERJAK, P., GODDARD, S. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Prolonging the storage life of
highly-recalcitrant seeds of Avicennia marina: a pilot study. XXIV ISTA Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1995.
+BERJAK, P., CAMPBELL, G.K., OMONDI-OLOO, W. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Responses of seeds of Azadirachta indica (neem) to short-term storage under ambient or chilled conditions. XXIV ISTA Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1995.
DUMET, D. & BERJAK, P. Desiccation tolerance and cryopreservation of embryonic axes of recalcitrant species. Fifth International Workshop on Seeds, Reading, U.K., 1995.
MYCOCK, D.J., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. & WALTERS-VERTUCCI, C.W. Cryopreservation of somatic embryoids of Phoenix dactilifera. Effects of water content and cryoprotectants. Fifth International Workshop on Seeds, Reading, U.K., 1995.
*PAMMENTER, N.W. & BERJAK, P. The response of recalcitrant seeds to long-term hydrated storage. 5th International Workshop on Seeds, Reading, U.K., 1995.
HANNWEG, K., BERJAK, P. & WATT, M.P. Micropropagation of Boweia volubilis from inflorescence explants. 5th International Congress of Ethnobotany, Nairobi, Kenya, 1996.
KIOKO, J., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W., WATT, M.P. & WESLEY-SMITH, J. Towards the conservation of indigenous plant germplasm via cryopreservation: a model using Trichilia dregeana. 5th International Congress of Ethnobotany, Nairobi, Kenya, 1996.
*BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Important considerations pertaining to desiccation-sensitivity of seeds (recalcitrant seed behaviour). IUFRO Symposium on Innovations in Forest Tree Science & Nursery Technology, Raipur, India, 1997.
*BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Aspects of our understanding of the biology and responses of non-orthodox seeds. The Second International Conference on Seed Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China, 1997.
BERJAK, P., KIOKO, J.I. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Some causes and implications of differential drying rates among non-orthodox seed species. 2nd International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Franschhoek, South Africa, 1997.
CALISTRU, C., McLEAN, M., BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Implication of mycoflora in curtailed hydrated storage life of Avicennia marina seeds. The Second International Conference on Seed Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China, 1997 and 2nd International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Franschhoek, South Africa, 1997.
KIOKO, J.I., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. & WESLEY-SMITH, J. Dehydration and cryopreservation of zygotic embryonic axes of Trichilia dregeana. 2nd International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Franschhoek, South Africa, 1997.
MOTETE, N., PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. & FRÉDÉRIC, J.C. Are critical tissues involved in the loss of viability of hydrated, stored seeds of Avicennia marina? 2nd International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Franschhoek, South Africa, 1997.
PAMMENTER, N.W., FARRANT, J.M., WALTERS, C. & BERJAK, P. Subcellular organisation and metabolic activity in development of seeds that attain different levels of desiccation tolerance. 2nd International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Franschhoek, South Africa, 1997.
WESLEY-SMITH, J., PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. & WALTERS, C. A comparison of the effects of two drying regimes on the embryonic axes of tea and jackfruit. 2nd International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Franschhoek, South Africa, 1997.
BANASIAK, M., BERJAK, P., WATT, P. & McLEAN, M. A microscopical study of crude fungal extracts on embryonic axes of Trichilia dregeana. Seed Symposium, 25th ISTA Congress, Pretoria, 1998. (Poster presentation).
*BERJAK, P. & PAMMENTER, N.W. Understanding recalcitrant seeds - Reflections, problems and progress. Keynote address, Seed Symposium, 25th ISTA Congress, Pretoria, 1998.
+CALISTRU, C., BERJAK, P., McLEAN, M. & PAMMENTER, N.W. The effects of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme on the viability and ultrastructure of wet-stored, recalcitrant seeds of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Seed Symposium, 25th ISTA Congress, Pretoria, 1998. (Selected presentation).
+KIOKO, J.I., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W., WATT, P. & WESLEY-SMITH, J. An assessment of the parameters relevant to the cryopreservation of recalcitrant embryonic axes of Trichilia dregeana. Seed Symposium, 25th ISTA Congress, Pretoria, 1998. (Awarded 1st place for excellence in the category, Papers presented by younger scientists).(Selected presentation).
NORRIS, M.J. & BERJAK, P. Cryopreservation of embryonic axes of Quercus robur. Seed Symposium, 25th ISTA Congress, Pretoria, 1998. (Poster presentation).
+NTULI, T.M., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W. & SMITH, M.T. Effects of temperature on the desiccation responses of seeds of Zizania palustris. Seed Symposium, 25th ISTA Congress, Pretoria, 1998. (Selected presentation).
+PAMMENTER, N.W., GREGGAINS, V., KIOKO, J.I., BERJAK, P. & FINCH-SAVAGE, W.E. The time factor during dehydration of non-orthodox (recalcitrant) seeds: effects of differential drying rates on viability retention of Ekebergia capensis. Seed Symposium, 25th ISTA Congress, Pretoria, 1998. (Selected presentation).
WESLEY-SMITH, J., PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. & WALTERS, C. The effect of drying rate on the desiccation tolerance of jackfruit embryonic axes. Seed Symposium, 25th ISTA Congress, Pretoria, 1998. (Poster presentation).
*BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W., NORRIS, M., KIOKO, J.I., WESLEY-SMITH, J., and MYCOCK, D.J. Cryopreservation – an elusive goal? IUFRO Seed Symposium, “Recalcitrant Seeds”, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1998.
*BERJAK, P., MYCOCK, D.J., NORRIS, M., PAMMENTER, N.W. and WESLEY-SMITH, J. Cryopreservation of embryonic axes. IPGRI/JIRCAS Joint International Workshop, Tsukuba, Japan, 1998.
WESLEY-SMITH, J., PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. and WALTERS, C. Rapid freezing of embryonic axes of reclacitrant species. IUFRO Seed Symposium, “Recalcitrant Seeds”, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1998.
KIOKO, J., BERJAK, P., PRITCHARD, H. and DAWS, M. Studies of post-shedding behaviour and cryopreservation of seeds of Warburgia salutaris, a highly-endangered medicinal plant indigenous to tropical Africa. IUFRO Seed Symposium, “Recalcitrant Seeds”, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1998; and IPGRI/JIRCAS Joint International Workshop, Tsukuba, Japan, 1998.
*BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. Some thoughts about the evolutionary and ecological aspects of seed recalcitrance. Symposium on Ecology and evolution of specialized seed dispersal, dormancy and germination strategies. International Botanical Congress, St Louis, U.S.A., 1999.
PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. and WALTERS, C. The effect of drying rate, and processes leading to viability loss in recalcitrant seeds. IUFRO Seed Symposium, “Recalcitrant Seeds”, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1998.
*BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. Ultrastructural clues to understanding recalcitrant seed behaviour. Brasilian Plant Physiology Congress, Brasilia, Brazil, July, 1999.
*PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. Physiology of recalcitrant seeds. Brasilian Plant Physiology Congress, Brasilia, Brazil, July, 1999.
BERJAK, P., WALKER, M. and MYCOCK, D.J. Stress and the intracellular skeletons - an overlooked aspect of work on recalcitrant seeds. 3rd International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Itala, South Africa, 2000.
CALISTRU, C., McLEAN, M., PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. Some implications of associated mycoflora on the viability and ultrastructure of hydrated sored recalcitrant seeds of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. 3rd International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Itala, South Africa, 2000.
KIOKO, J. and BERJAK, P. Cryopreservation of seeds of the African pepperbark, Warburgia salutaris. 3rd International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Itala, South Africa, 2000.
OSBORNE, D.J., DINI, M., BERJAK, P. and BOUBRIAK, I. How far does cell cycling determine desiccation tolerance in the embryos of orthodox and recalcitrant seeds? 3rd International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Itala, South Africa, 2000.
PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. Evolutionary and ecological aspects of recalcitrant seed biology. 3rd International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Itala, South Africa, 2000.
WESLEY-SMITH, J., PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. and WALTERS, C. Slow vs rapid drying of embryonic axes of jackfruit: an ultrastructural appraisal. 3rd International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity of Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Itala, South Africa, 2000.
*BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. Understanding and handling recalcitrant seeds. International Workshop, Millenium Seed Bank, Ardingly, U.K., 2001.
KIOKO, J.I., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. Is genetic stability maintained following the cryopreservation of the seeds of the endangered African pepper bark (Warburgia salutaris)? VII International Workshop on Seed Biology, Salamanca, Spain, 2002. (Presenter [JIK] awarded one of three prizes for best oral presentation by a post-graduate student).
NAIDOO, S., PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. Desiccation rate, desiccation response and damage accumulation: can desiccation sensitivity be quantified? VII International Workshop on Seed Biology, Salamanca, Spain, 2002.
ERDEY, D.P., PAMMENTER, N.W., FARRANT, J.M., FINCH-SAVAGE, W.E. and BERJAK, P. Physiological assessments of the stimulation of recalcitrant seeds of two species by mild dehydration stress. VII International Workshop on Seed Biology, Salamanca, Spain, 2002. (Poster presentation).
WESLEY-SMITH, J., PAMMENTER, N.W., BERJAK, P. and WALTERS, C. Increasing the range of permissable water content for cryopreservation of embryonic axes of recalcitrant seeds. VII International Workshop on Seed Biology, Salamanca, Spain, 2002. (Poster presentation).
*BERJAK, P. Responses of desiccation-sensitive seeds: what and why? Final workshop of the IPGRI/DANIDA project on Intermediate/Recalcitrant Tropical Forest Tree Seeds, Chania, Crete, August, 2002.
BERJAK, P. and MYCOCK, D.J. Calcium - the missing link in successful rehydration of partially-desiccated, recalcitrant embryonic axes? 4th International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity in Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Blouwaterbaai, Saladanha Bay, August, 2003.
CORBINEAU, F., BERJAK, P., PAMMENTER, N.W., VINEL, D., PICARD, M-A., and CÔME, D. Reversible cellular and metabolic changes induced by dehydration in desiccation tolerant wheat shoots. 4th International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity in Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Blouwaterbaai, Saladanha Bay, August, 2003.
MERHAR, V., GUMEDE, Z. and BERJAK, P. The plant nucleoskeleton and its implication in desiccation sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds. 4th International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity in Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Blouwaterbaai, Saladanha Bay, August, 2003.
PERÁN, R., PAMMENTER, N.W., NAICKER, J. and BERJAK, P. The influence of rehydration technique on the response of embryos of recalcitrant seeds to desiccation. 4th International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity in Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Blouwaterbaai, Saladanha Bay, August, 2003.
von FINTEL, G.T. and BERJAK, P. Seed behaviour in Phoenix reclinata Jacquin, the wild date palm. 4th International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity in Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Blouwaterbaai, Saladanha Bay, August, 2003.
AJAYI, S.A. and BERJAK, P. The fluted pumpkin - a climber vegetable with recalcitrant seeds? 4th International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity in Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Blouwaterbaai, Saladanha Bay, August, 2003. (Poster presentation).
DOUWES, E., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. Preliminary studies for in vitro conservation of cycad material. 4th International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity in Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Blouwaterbaai, Saladanha Bay, August, 2003. (Poster presentation).
EGGERS, S., BERJAK, P. and ERDEY, D.P. Short-term storage of partially-dried recalcitrant seeds of Trichilia emetica. 4th International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity in Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Blouwaterbaai, Saladanha Bay, August, 2003. (Poster presentation).
ERDEY, D.P., PAMMENTER, N.W., FINCH-SAVAGE, W.E. and BERJAK, P. Physiological assessments of vigour enhancement by mild dehydration stress in recalcitrant seeds: Effect of seed maturity. 4th International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity in Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Blouwaterbaai, Saladanha Bay, August, 2003. (Poster presentation).
GOVEIA, M., KIOKO, J.I. and BERJAK, P. The effect of cotyledon size on shoot development and response to desiccation of the embryonic axes of Trichilia dregeana. 4th International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity in Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Blouwaterbaai, Saladanha Bay, August, 2003. (Poster presentation).
GUMEDE, Z., MERHAR, V. and BERJAK, P. Effect of desiccation on the microfilament component of the cytoskeleton in zygotic embryonic axes of Trichilia dregeana Sond. 4th International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity in Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Blouwaterbaai, Saladanha Bay, August, 2003. (Poster presentation).
WHITAKER, C., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. Aspects of the seed biology of Welwitschia mirabilis. 4th International Workshop on Desiccation-Tolerance and -Sensitivity in Seeds and Vegetative Plant Tissues, Blouwaterbaai, Saladanha Bay, August, 2003. (Poster presentation).
*BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. Some views on the desiccation tolerance or sensitivity of seeds, and long-term germplasm conservation. VIII International Workshop on Seeds, Brisbane, Australia, May, 2005.
ERDEY, D., EGGERS, S., PAMMENTER, N. and BERJAK, P. 'Sub-imbibed' storage of recalcitrant seeds. VIII International Workshop on Seeds, Brisbane, Australia, May, 2005.
MERHAR, V. and BERJAK, P. Immunocytochemical localisation of β-1,3 glucanase in wet-stored recalcitrant seeds of Avicennia marina infected by Fusarium monoliforme. VIII International Workshop on Seeds, Brisbane, Australia, May, 2005.
NAIDOO, S., MERHAR, V., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. Effect of dehydration and cryopreservation on the cytoskeletal integrity of Amaryllis belladonna embryonic axes. VIII International Workshop on Seeds, Brisbane, Australia, May, 2005.
*BERJAK, P. Aspects of environmental biotechnology, particularly focusing on endangered plant genetic resources. TWAS Symposium, Alexandria, Egypt, December, 2005.
FARRANT, J.M., PAMMENTER, N.W. and BERJAK, P. (2008). Development of the desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds of Avicennia marina: A metabolomics study. 9th ISSS Conference on Seed Biology, Olsztyn, Poland, July, 2008.
WOODENBERG, W.R., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2008). Post-shedding seed behaviour and ovule development in Encephalartos natalensis (Zamiaceae). 9th ISSS Conference on Seed Biology, Olsztyn, Poland, July, 2008.
VARGHESE, B., SERSHEN, BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2008). Differential rates of drying of recalcitrant Trichilia dregeana embryonic axes: A study of survival and desiccation-induced oxidative stress metabolism. 9th ISSS Conference on Seed Biology, Olsztyn, Poland, July, 2008.
SERSHEN, VARGHESE, B., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2008). A physiological and biochemical assessment of the effects of dehydration and cryopreservation on the recalcitrant axes of two amaryllid species. 9th ISSS Conference on Seed Biology, Olsztyn, Poland, July, 2008.
BHARUTH, V., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2008) Effect of provenance on chilling sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds, putatively of a single species. 9th ISSS Conference on Seed Biology, Olsztyn, Poland, July, 2008. (Poster presentation).
SERSHEN, BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2008). An ultrastructural assessment of the effects of dehydration and cryopreservation on the recalcitrant embryonic axes of Amaryllis belladonna. 9th ISSS Conference on Seed Biology, Olsztyn, Poland, July, 2008. (Poster presentation).
SERSHEN, BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2008) Performance of seedlings subsequent to cryopreservation of embryonic axes of Amaryllis belladonna. 9th ISSS Conference on Seed Biology, Olsztyn, Poland, July, 2008. (Poster presentation).
GOVEIA, M., KIOKO, J.I., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2008). Variable responses to excision and cryopreservation of axes from tropical, non-orthodox seeds of three species. 9th ISSS Conference on Seed Biology, Olsztyn, Poland, July, 2008. (Poster presentation).
VARGHESE, D., NAIDOO, P., BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2008). Alternate explants for plant germplasm cryopreservation: A study of selected recalcitrant-seeded species. 9th ISSS Conference on Seed Biology, Olsztyn, Poland, July, 2008. (Poster presentation).
*BERJAK, P. and PAMMENTER, N.W. (2008). Seeds: The insurance against the ravages of climate change. IUFRO Symposium, Tree Seeds 2008: Trees, seeds and a changing climate, Brighton, Sussex, U.K., September, 2008.
* invited; + selected